<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMircea Bezergheanu<\/p>\n
Preiau un text care con\u021bine Istorie scoas\u0103 din manualele noastre de c\u0103tre cei care ne-au c\u0103l\u0103rit sute de ani – \u00een acest caz ru\u0219ii – pentru a masca preten\u021biile teritoriale absolut\u00a0 de neimaginat. Doreau s\u0103 ajung\u0103 nu doar la gurile Dun\u0103rii, ci s\u0103 anexeze \u0219i Serbia \u0219i Bulgaria, extinz\u00e2ndu-se p\u00e2n\u0103 la str\u00e2mtorile din sudul M\u0103rii Negre. Multe dintre datele acestea le reg\u0103si\u021bi \u00een arhiva \u0219i biblioteca Facult\u0103\u021bii de Drept a Universit\u0103\u021bii de Stat din Moldova, dar \u0219i \u00een arhivele de la Moscova \u0219i Budapesta. Tat\u0103l meu a fost martor la \u00eenc\u0103rcarea \u0219i expedierea spre Moscova a 8 vagoane de arhiv\u0103 colectat\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een perioada lui Dej. Evident c\u0103 vor s\u0103ri \u00een sus acum tot felul de conturi de securici deranja\u021bi de adev\u0103rul Istoric, dar v\u0103 anun\u021b c\u0103 am RedBull pentru to\u021bi. Probabil voi fi iar raportat masiv \u0219i e posibil s\u0103 fiu blocat de c\u0103tre cenzura platformei, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci c\u00e2\u021biva vor reu\u0219i s\u0103 citeasc\u0103! Salva\u021bi-v\u0103 numele Hatmanilor Cazaci, nume pur Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, care spun o poveste frumoas\u0103, dar ne\u0219tiut\u0103\/uitat\u0103!<\/p>\n
Iat\u0103 – \u201eUCRAINA\u201d \u2013 TINUTUL ROMANESC DE \u201eLA MARGINE\u201d (LA MARGINE\u00a0\u020bn RUSA \u201eU CRAINA\u201d)<\/p>\n
\u00cencheiat \u00een defavoarea otomanilor, r\u0103zboiul ruso-germano-turc din 1736-1739 a fost urmat \u0219i de reglementari teritoriale \u00een nordul Marii Negre, Rusia l\u0103rgindu-\u0219i grani\u021ba prin Tratatul de la 12 septembrie 1740 de la Istanbul \u00eencheiat cu participarea, ca observator, a p\u0103r\u021bii germane. Tratatul se intitula \u201eStatutul pentru stabilirea de c\u0103tre Rusia a grani\u021bei Rusiei \u0219i Turciei \u0219i a grani\u021bei Moldovei pe Bug\u201d. Prin acesta, Rusia \u00ee\u0219i adjudeca un teritoriu de \u201ela Margine\u201d (\u00een rus\u0103\u00a0\u201eu Craina\u201d) de 44.500 km2<\/sup>, de la sud de Kiev p\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0la Marea Neagr\u0103, \u00eentre cursurile inferioare ale Bugului \u0219i Niprului.<\/p>\n
Artizanii au fost \u021barina Ana Ivanovna (1730-1740) \u0219i favoritul sau, generalul Munnich. Ace\u0219tia au imaginat planul care dep\u0103\u0219ea viziunea lui Petru I cel Mare de a acapara toate teritoriile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti p\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0la Nistru, viz\u00e2nd \u00eentreaga Moldov\u0103\u00a0p\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0la Carpa\u021bi, dar \u0219i Muntenia, Dobrogea \u0219i teritoriile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti dintre Balcani \u0219i Dun\u0103re. Moartea \u021barinei \u0219i succesorii slabi care au urmat la tron au l\u0103sat lucrurile \u00een suspensie p\u00e2n\u0103 la preluarea puterii de c\u0103tre Ecaterina a II-a cea Mare (1762-1796). Armata rus\u0103\u00a0ajunge la Bugul inferior abia \u00een 1764, \u00een contextul preg\u0103tirii noului r\u0103zboi cu Poarta (1768-1774), \u00eencep\u00e2nd inventarierea teritoriului.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1766, agentul Andrei Konstantinov raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103\u00a0\u020bntre Bug \u0219i Nistru,\u00a0\u020bn \u201eu Craina\u201d nu exist\u0103\u00a0\u201esupu\u0219i\u201d ru\u0219i \u0219i se vorbe\u0219te \u201edoar rom\u00e2ne\u0219te\u201d. Principala fosta cetate turca Ozu sau Oceakov era un ora\u0219 ridicat,\u00a0\u020bn 1587, de domnul Moldovei, Petru \u0218chiopu, despre care spionul Daniel Krwonn, un suedez\u00a0\u020bn slujba Moscovei, raportase, la 1709, c\u0103\u00a0este locuit de rom\u00e2ni \u0219i foarte pu\u021bini t\u0103tari, greci sau turci. \u00centre 1587 \u0219i 1709, informatorii str\u0103ini Geivani Botero, Giovani Antonio Magini \u0219i Niccolo Barsi \u00eel descriseser\u0103 ca pe un \u201eora\u0219 vlah\u201d, adic\u0103 rom\u00e2nesc, aflat \u00een componen\u021ba \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1769, \u021barina decide lichidarea independen\u021bei cazacilor \u0219i integrarea acestora \u00een armata rus\u0103. Drept urmare, c\u0103pitanii (hatmanii\/atamanii) cazacilor jur\u0103\u00a0credin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i semneaz\u0103 \u00eencadrarea cu grade de c\u0103pitani \u0219i colonei \u00een armata rus\u0103. Numele lor sunt: Topa, Scapa, \u021a\u0103ranu, Moldovan, Munteanu, Basarab, Procopie, Dr\u0103gan, Des\u0103lag\u0103, Ignat, Gologan, Ciorba, Vornicu, Abaza, Pavel Poloboc, Vasile Cociubei, Constantin Turcule\u021b, Apostol, Chigheci, Grigora\u0219, Bogdan, Radu, Foc\u0219a, Grigorcea, Boc\u0219a.<\/p>\n
Oare ce simte, \u00een acest moment, citind aceste nume \u201eucrainene\u201d, istoricul \u201edemitizator\u201d Lucian Boia, anali\u0219tii \u0219i politicienii lui pe\u0219te \u0219i pupezele de televiziune care or\u0103c\u0103ie de 25 de ani c\u0103\u00a0n-avem nici o treab\u0103\u00a0cu actuala Transnistrie, care n-ar fi apar\u021binut niciodat\u0103 Rom\u00e2niei. Mai r\u0103u, nu numai Transnistria \u00eentreag\u0103 (69.000 km2<\/sup>), ci \u0219i Ucraina istoric\u0103\u00a0au fost parte integrant\u0103\u00a0a \u021a\u00e2rii Moldovei, de la 1455\/1456 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1740 (Ucraina) \u0219i 31 decembrie 1791 (Transnistria).<\/p>\n
\u021aarina grupeaz\u0103 cazacii \u201em\u0103rgineni\u201d \u00een doua regimente numite: unul \u201eMuntenesc\u201d, sub comanda colonelului Grigore Buhatel, pe loc \u0219i al doilea, \u201eMoldovenesc\u201d, dislocat la Kiev, Simara \u0219i Orenburg, ca baz\u0103\u00a0de recrutare pentru regiunea Ekaterinoslav, sub comanda colonelului Lungu.<\/p>\n
\u00cen restul Moldovei dintre Bug \u0219i Carpa\u021bii Orientali, ocupat\u0103\u00a0de ru\u0219i \u00een cursul r\u0103zboiului amintit (1768-1774), prin persuasiune, promisiuni\u00a0\u0219i cump\u0103rare cu bani, \u021barina organizeaz\u0103 un corp de armata rom\u00e2nesc format din voluntari. Tr\u0103d\u00e2nd inten\u021bia de ocupare a restului teritoriului Moldovei dintre Bug \u0219i Carpa\u021bii Orientali acest corp prime\u0219te un statut, \u00een fapt o proiectat\u0103\u00a0Constitu\u021bie a viitoarei Moldove ocupate, intitulat \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura a \u00eens\u0103\u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nitoarei marei Ecaterina a II, t\u0103lm\u0103cit\u0103 pe limba moldoveneasc\u0103\u00a0din ordinul mare\u0219alului Petru Al. Rumeantev, cu os\u00e2rdia \u0219i cheltuiala mitropolitului Gavril, de Toma, al doilea logof\u0103t\u201d.<\/p>\n
Acest corp romanesc de voluntari (un demn precursor al Diviziei Tudor Vladimirescu) de cca. 12.000 de lupt\u0103tori, era comandat de nepo\u021bii tr\u0103d\u0103torului domn aclimatizat rus, Dimitrie Cantemir, Constantin \u0219i Dumitra\u0219cu (fiii lui Antioh), avea un drapel de lupt\u0103\u00a0pe care figurau stema imperial\u0103\u00a0rus\u0103\u00a0al\u0103turi de bourul Moldovei, uniforme rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u0219i biseric\u0103\u00a0proprie cu serviciu \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1783, \u021barina lanseaz\u0103 proiectul de \u201eRegat al Daciei\u201d prin care se dorea gruparea, sub autoritatea arhiducelui Constantin, propus rege, toate teritoriile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti aflate sub suzeranitate otoman\u0103. Pentru implementarea lui, lichid\u00e2nd primejdia turco-t\u0103tar\u0103 din spatele frontului, ru\u0219ii cuceresc, \u00een 1787, Crimeea. Aceasta este perioada c\u00e2nd, pe raportul lui Alexandru Mavrocordat, din 1786, \u021barina decide \u00eenfiin\u021barea, \u00een fosta \u201eUcraina\u201d dintre Bug \u0219i Nipru, a unei construc\u021bii administrativ statale, sub numele de \u201eMoldova Nou\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n
Evolu\u021bia politic\u0103\u00a0\u0219i militar\u0103, adjudecarea, \u00een 1791, a teritoriului Moldovei dintre Bug \u0219i Nistru \u0219i faptul c\u0103\u00a0deschide zona Bug\u2013Nipru ca teritoriu de colonizare pentru rom\u00e2nii \u0219i arom\u00e2nii cu atribu\u021bii militare din fosta Militargrenze (grani\u021ba militara) a Imperiului Romano-German, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce Habsburgii \u00eenaintau spre sud, \u00een Serbia, o face sa opteze, temporar \u00eens\u0103, pentru numele…. \u201eNoua Serbie\u201d. O \u201eNoua Serbie\u201d locuit\u0103, acum, \u0219i de rom\u00e2ni \u0219i de arom\u00e2ni \u0219i \u00een care func\u021biona, ca armat\u0103\u00a0\u201ePolcul de husari moldoveni\u201d.<\/p>\n
Elementul rom\u00e2nesc dintre Nistru \u0219i Bug fusese \u00eent\u0103rit, \u00eenc\u0103 din 1736-1739, de luarea \u00een robie \u0219i a\u0219ezarea aici, de c\u0103tre generalul Munnich, a cca. 100.000 \u021b\u0103rani rom\u00e2ni, b\u0103rba\u021bi, femei, copii din Muntenia \u0219i teritoriile moldovene\u0219ti dintre Nistru \u0219i Carpa\u021bii Orientali. Mai radical, contele Panets, \u00een 1774, \u00eei propusese \u021barinei str\u0103mutarea \u00eentregii popula\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti a Moldovei dintre Nistru \u0219i Carpa\u021bii Orientali, dincoace, \u00een teritoriile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti dintre Nistru \u0219i Nipru.<\/p>\n
\u00cen paralel, au fost adu\u0219i \u0219i coloni\u0219ti ru\u0219i de dincolo de Nipru. La 1793, f\u0103c\u00e2nd un recens\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00een fosta \u201eUcraina\u201d dintre Nipru \u0219i Bug, devenita \u201eNoua Serbie\u201d, mitropolitul Gavril \u0219i preotul Ivanov constatau ca, din 67 de sate ale regiunii Oceakov, 49 erau curat rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, restul mixte, rom\u00e2no-ruse, dar marii proprietari de p\u0103m\u00e2nt erau, \u00een continuare, rom\u00e2ni: Ion \u0219i Nicolae Cantacuzino, Teodor Rosetti, Ilie Catargiu, Sava Badiul, Scarlat Sturdza, Cristea Manuil, Ion M\u0103c\u0103rescu, Ion Iliescu, Teodor Sab\u0103u, Manuil Saul, Ion C\u0103n\u0103n\u0103u, George Cr\u0103ciun, Anton Pascal, Pintilie Hagil\u0103, Vasile Dodon, Teodor Romanescu, Emanoil Bal\u0219 etc.<\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 1769, a\u0219adar, teritoriile de \u201ela Margine\u201d ale Moldovei au devenit cele dintre Bug \u0219i Nistru, c\u0103z\u0103cimea liber\u0103\u00a0mut\u00e2ndu-\u0219i aici centrul de greutate, consilierul Sumakov raport\u00e2nd c\u0103, \u00een continuare, situa\u021bia etnic\u0103\u00a0se p\u0103streaz\u0103, de-a lungul litoralului Marii Negre, \u00eentre Crimeea \u0219i Nistru majoritatea locuitorilor fiind rom\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 cucerirea Transnistriei, ultimii cazaci independen\u021bi, \u00een frunte cu generalul Ciorba, coloneii Mandra, Ghinea \u0219i Branca, jur\u0103\u00a0credin\u021b\u0103 intr\u00e2nd \u00een armata \u021barist\u0103. Ei vor fi organiza\u021bi, \u00een 1802, ca noua c\u0103z\u0103cime de la Bug, sub numele de Corpul Voznesensc, de c\u0103tre \u021barul Alexandru I (1800-1825). Ast\u0103zi, Transnistria istoric\u0103, de 69.000 km2<\/sup>, a fost redus\u0103, administrativ teritorial, la 25.100 km2<\/sup>, din care 20.900 km2<\/sup>\u00a0formeaz\u0103\u00a0regiunea Odessa, formal \u00een Ucraina, dar sub control rusesc, iar 4.200 km2<\/sup>, formal, apar\u021bin Republicii Moldova, dar sub numele de, \u00eenc\u0103, RASSM, constituie o enclav\u0103\u00a0a Moscovei.<\/p>\n
Nenorocire mare pentru minuna\u021bii no\u0219tri eliti\u0219ti! Parc\u0103\u00a0\u00eei aud cum url\u0103: \u201eDe unde \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 unde, cazacii, rom\u00e2ni? \u201d P\u0103i, hai s\u0103\u00a0vedem!<\/p>\n
\u201eCazac\u201d sau, corect, \u201ecosaq\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een t\u0103tar\u0103 \u201epribeag\u201d \u0219i \u00een turca \u201elotru\u201d, cu alte cuvinte \u201ehaiduc\u201d. C\u0103z\u0103cirea la pragurile Niprului a fost un fenomen similar celei din NV-ul spa\u021biului rom\u00e2nesc, adic\u0103 haiducirii din mla\u0219tinile Tisei \u2013 fuga \u021b\u0103ranilor rom\u00e2ni de pe mo\u0219ii \u00een zonele de margine, \u00een r\u00e2ndul comunit\u0103\u021bilor rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti vechi, dar rare din \u201eNo man\u2019s land\u201d.<\/p>\n
Este vorba despre \u021b\u0103rani rom\u00e2ni, fugi\u021bi printre ob\u0219ti s\u0103te\u0219ti rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti vechi, aflate, \u00een cazul \u201eUcrainei\u201d, \u00een zonele de margine sau de grani\u021b\u0103, disputate \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei, ini\u021bial de Uniunea polono\u0103\u0103-lituanian\u0103\u00a0\u0219i de t\u0103tari, apoi de Imperiul Otoman \u0219i Rusia. Zona vizat\u0103\u00a0a fost \u201epragurile Niprului\u201d (\u201eza porojie\u201d), din care cel mai important poart\u0103, \u0219i ast\u0103zi, numele de VOLOSKII, adic\u0103 \u201eRom\u00e2nesc\u201d. Aici, pe loc uscat, adic\u0103 SEC, se f\u0103cea adunarea de ob\u0219te pentru deciziile importante, de unde numele de \u201eSEC\u201d. Oamenii se ocupau cu agricultura, v\u00e2n\u0103toarea, pescuitul, apoi, ca oameni liberi cu drepturi militare, cu mercenariatul sau raziile pe cont propriu \u00een teritoriile t\u0103tare-otomane \u0219i polone. Militar, erau organiza\u021bi pe \u201ecenturii\u201d adic\u0103 \u201esute\u201d, de unde \u00een pronun\u021bie slav\u0103, \u201esotni\u201d. Erau condu\u0219i de c\u0103pitani, numi\u021bi dup\u0103 rom\u00e2nescul hatman (derivat din germanul hauptman) \u2013 atamani.<\/p>\n
Fenomenul \u00eencepe datorit\u0103\u00a0devast\u0103rilor provocate de r\u0103zboaiele cu t\u0103tarii, turcii \u0219i polonii, spre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul domniei lui \u0218tefan cel Mare (1457-1504) \u0219i ia amploare \u00een secolul XVI. \u00cen 1574, Cancelaria polon\u0103\u00a0\u00eel informa pe Maximilian II de Habsburg (1564-1576) ca numi\u021bii cazaci sunt \u201enu numai din \u021binuturile noastre, ci \u0219i din cele ale Moscovei, Valahiei \u0219i din \u021b\u0103rile Lumin\u0103\u021biei voastre\u201d, adic\u0103 erau rom\u00e2ni fugari de pretutindeni, inclusiv din Transilvania.<\/p>\n
Acela\u0219i fenomen se \u00eent\u00e2mpla dincolo de Nipru, \u00eentre Don \u0219i Nipru, c\u0103z\u0103cimea de pe Don fiind format\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, din ru\u0219i \u0219i rom\u00e2ni coloniza\u021bi din ra\u021biuni militare, cu \u00eencepere din 1482-1487, de Moscova. Este motivul pentru care, tot \u00een 1574, mare vizir, Mehmed Sokoll, informa cancelariile europene ca \u201es\u0103r\u0103ci\u021bi, s-au unit moldoveni, munteni \u0219i moscovi\u021bi \u0219i au f\u0103cut multe pagube……… musulmanilor no\u0219tri\u201d.<\/p>\n
Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, \u0218tefan Bathory, principe al Transilvaniei (157-1583) \u0219i rege al Poloniei (1575-1586), \u00eei informa pe Habsburgi c\u0103, \u00een ansamblu, cazacii de o parte \u0219i de alta a Niprului sunt \u201eoameni proveni\u021bi din diferite popoare, ru\u0219i, rom\u00e2ni \u0219i chiar supu\u0219i de-ai no\u0219tri\u201d, adic\u0103 polonezi \u0219i lituanieni. Cei de la pragurile Niprului, \u00eens\u0103, declara Cancelaria polon\u0103, \u00een 1578, sunt \u201ecei mai r\u0103i dintre moldoveni\u201d.<\/p>\n
Pe unii dintre \u0219efii \u201em\u0103rginenilor\u201d (ucrainenilor), polonezii au reu\u0219it s\u0103-i atrag\u0103, prin cump\u0103rare cu ranguri boiere\u0219ti, ace\u0219tia \u00eengro\u0219\u00e2nd, prin dezna\u021bionalizare, \u0219leahta polona (familiile Ivanenco, Dumitrasco, Apostol, Afendie, Armasevski, Tomski, Brazuhi etc.). Majoritatea, \u00eens\u0103, au r\u0103mas rom\u00e2ni lega\u021bi de domnia \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei.<\/p>\n
Prima \u00eencercare de unificare a tuturor ob\u0219tilor volohe c\u0103z\u0103ce\u0219ti sub un singur hatman, a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de un os domnesc, pretendentul la tronul Moldovei \u00een 1563, Dimitrie Wizniovie\u021bki, nepot de fiic\u0103\u00a0a lui \u0218tefan cel Mare. A fost, \u00eens\u0103, \u00eenvins de Despot Vod\u0103, la 6 noiembrie, \u201ela pod la Vercicani, pre Siret\u201d, predat turcilor \u0219i executat la Galata. Rom\u00e2nii cazaci l-au adus, apoi, sub conducerea atamanilor Loboda \u0219i Nadabaicu (\u00een falsele istorii…..Nelevaico), \u00een 1572, pe unul de-al lor \u0219i l-au pus Domn pe Ion Vod\u0103\u00a0cel Cumplit (1572-1574). Abia fratele acestuia, \u00eens\u0103, Ioan Nicoar\u0103 Potcoav\u0103\u00a0(Cre\u021bul), adus de atamanii Ceap\u0103\u00a0\u0219i \u0218ah, avea s\u0103\u00a0impun\u0103 titlul, pentru un veac \u0219i jum\u0103tate, de Domn al \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei \u0219i c\u0103pitan al M\u0103rginimii.<\/p>\n
A fost urmat de \u201edomni\u0219orii\u201d \u0219i domnii Petru Cazacul, Constantin Potcoav\u0103, Constantin L\u0103cust\u0103, Petru \u0218chiopul, Ioan Lungu din L\u0103pu\u0219na, Ioan Cazacul, \u0218tefan R\u0103zvan, Mihai Viteazul etc. p\u00e2n\u0103 la Gheorghe Duca. Nefiind domni, ci doar hatmani (atamani) recunoscu\u021bi de \u00eentreaga c\u0103z\u0103cime, s-au ilustrat din vremea lui Ion Vod\u0103\u00a0cel Cumplit \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219it, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cei men\u021biona\u021bi, Ion Nadabaicu, urmat de Ion Grigore Lobod\u0103\u00a0(1593-1597), pe care polonezii au vrut sa-l \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 cu Tihon Baibuza, apoi Samuil\u0103\u00a0Chi\u0219ca, Ion Sarcu, Ion Opara, Trofin Rom\u00e2nul (Volosanin), Ioan \u0218\u0103rpil\u0103, Timotei Zgura, Dumitru Hunu \u0219i, ultimul, D\u0103nil\u0103 Apostol (1727-1734).<\/p>\n
Seria atamanilor rom\u00e2ni a fost \u00eentrerupt\u0103 de Bogdan Hmelnitki (1648-1654), boierna\u0219 polonez r\u0103sculat \u00eempotriva regelui, cel care a avut nefericita idee, \u00een 1653, de alipire a \u201eMarginii\u201d la Rusia \u0219i aceasta deoarece, nefiind rom\u00e2n, s-a \u00eencuscrit cu domnul \u0219i protectorul s\u0103u, Vasile Lupu (1634-1653), la dispari\u021bia acestuia fiind v\u00e2nat \u0219i de polonezi \u0219i de turci.<\/p>\n
Hmelni\u021bki era polonez, dar adjunc\u021bii s\u0103i erau Toader Lobod\u0103, polcovnic de Pereiaslav, Martin Pu\u0219cariu de Poltava, Ioan Burla de Gdansk, Pavel Apostol de Mirgorod, Ieremia G\u00e2nju de Uman \u0219i Dumitra\u0219cu Raicea de Pereiaslav.\u00a0\u020an plus, sub el, comandan\u021bii Regimentului de elit\u0103\u00a0c\u0103z\u0103cesc, \u201eSlobodean\u201d, adic\u0103\u00a0al \u201eLibert\u0103\u021bii\u201d, au fost generalii de brigad\u0103\u00a0Dimitrie B\u0103ncescu \u0219i Varlaam Buhatel.\u00a0\u020an tratativele cu Rusia, Hmelni\u021bki a folosit, pe post de diploma\u021bi, pe Pavel Apostol, Dumitra\u0219cu Raicea, Grigore G\u0103m\u0103lie de Lubensk, Ion Ursu-c\u0103pitan de Poltava \u0219i Grigore Cristofor- c\u0103pitan de Raskov.<\/p>\n
La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul sec. XVII, dup\u0103 Gheorghe Duca, succesiunea au asigurat-o hatmanii \u0218tefan Movil\u0103, Dimitrie Cantacuzino \u0219i Ene Dr\u0103ghinici. Cazacii, m\u0103rginenii sau \u201eucrainenii\u201d rom\u00e2ni au luptat,\u00a0\u020bntre Nistru \u0219i Nipru, \u00eempotriva polonezilor, sub Bogdan \u0219i Timus Hmelni\u021bki, fiind considera\u021bi de Samuel Kussevicz, starostele de Lemberg, drept \u201eurma\u0219ii dacilor \u0219i au puternice virtu\u021bi militare\u201d. \u00cen b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Liov \u201ecohortele de veterani ale dacilor transnistreni (Veteranae Dacorum Transnistrianorum) au luptat \u00een centrul liniei de foc\u201d.\u00a0\u020an batalia de la Zborov (1649), numai cazaci transnistreni au fost 10.000, iar \u00een cea de la Beresztecko (1651), 4000. Ulterior, au luptat al\u0103turi de suedezi, \u00eempotriva ru\u0219ilor, particip\u00e2nd, sub conducerea lui Apostol Chigheci, cca. 8000 \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Leahovici (1706) \u0219i 4000 \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Poltava (1709).<\/p>\n
Ultimul mare hatman, D\u0103nil\u0103 Apostol, a fost comandantul regimentului de la Mirgorod, dup\u0103 tat\u0103l sau, Pavel Efrem \u0219i bunicul sau, Apostol. Este descris de uzurpatorul sau, Mazepa, nu ca \u201eucrainean\u201d, nu ca \u201emoldovean\u201d ci, clar, ca \u201erom\u00e2n\u201d, drept \u201eApostol, de ob\u00e2r\u0219ie valaha, b\u0103rbat din tat\u0103\u00a0merituos \u00een armat\u0103, osta\u0219 bun, din to\u021bi polcovnicii cel mai vechi, cel mai b\u0103tr\u00e2n nobil, c\u00e2\u0219tig\u00e2nd cinstirea \u0219i dragostea tuturor regimentelor\u201d. A murit la Sorocin\u021bi, la 17 ianuarie 1734, succed\u00e2ndu-i fiul sau Petre, polcovnic de Lubni, care avea sa se integreze ca general de brigada \u00een armata rusa. Cel\u0103lalt fiu, Pavel, polcovnic de Mirgorod, s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit \u00een 1736, cu fiica generalului rus Matei Muraviov, urma\u0219ul sau fiind celebrul diplomat, scriitor \u0219i mason rus Ioan Muraviov Apostol (1762 \u2013 1851).<\/p>\n
\u201eUcraina\u201d istoric\u0103\u00a0a\u0219adar, sau teritoriile de \u201ela Margine\u201d ale \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei au \u00eensumat 44.500 km2<\/sup>\u00a0(u Craina propriu-zis\u0103) \u0219i 69.000 km2\u00a0<\/sup>(Transnistria), adic\u0103 un total de 113.500 km2<\/sup>\u00a0de p\u0103m\u00e2nt rom\u00e2nesc, r\u0103pit \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei de Rusia. Un teritoriu \u00een care domnii Moldovei au \u00eentemeiat ora\u0219ele intre Moghilau, pe Nistru (1600) \u0219i Oceakov, pe Nipru. \u0218i-au stabilit garnizoanele la Lerici (1455), apoi la Caffa \u0219i Mangop (1473-1474), au dat danii boierilor (ex. Boierii Jora sau Golia \u0219i Movil\u0103\u00a0etc.).<\/p>\n
Toponimele \u0219i hidronimele rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti au fost, \u00een ultimele doua secole, slavizate, popula\u021bia supus\u0103\u00a0unui regim intens de dezna\u021bionalizare, \u00een special \u00een epoca bol\u0219evic\u0103, iar termenul \u201eu Craina\u201d a ajuns sa desemneze o alt\u0103\u00a0realitate geopolitic\u0103\u00a0\u0219i etno statal\u0103, nu neap\u0103rat datorit\u0103\u00a0Rusiei.<\/p>\n
Ajuns\u0103\u00a0la Nistru \u00een 1791, Rusia, prin Tarul Alexandru I, a \u00eencercat s\u0103\u00a0ia tot teritoriul r\u0103mas Moldovei, dar \u0219i Muntenia \u00eentreag\u0103, dintr-o singur\u0103\u00a0lovitur\u0103, \u00een 1807, la tratativele cu Napoleon I. Francezii s-au \u00eempotrivit la Tilsit, apoi la Erfurt, declar\u00e2nd c\u0103\u00a0principatele nu sunt teritorii turce\u0219ti, Rusia trebuind s\u0103\u00a0solicite, contra p\u0103cii, de la turci, teritorii din \u201eCasa Islamului\u201d.<\/p>\n
A\u0219a s-a inventat termenul \u201eBasarabia\u201d. Ini\u021bial, astfel se numea o f\u00e2\u0219ie \u00eengust\u0103 de p\u0103m\u00e2nt, litoral\u0103\u00a0Dun\u0103rii maritime, fosta \u201eVlahie\u201d dun\u0103rean\u0103, pomenit\u0103\u00a0\u00een secolul sec. IX-XII de bizantini, de la v\u0103rsarea Siretului, p\u00e2n\u0103 la Chilia, adjudecat\u0103, \u00een 1343-1345, de domnul muntean, Basarab I \u0219i fiul sau, Nicolae Alexandru, de la Principele Dimitrie (t\u0103tar cre\u0219tinat). \u00cen 1807-1809, ru\u0219ii au scris pe h\u00e2r\u021bi<\/p>\n
\u201eBasarabia\u201d, \u00eentre Siret \u0219i Nistru, \u00eentre Chilia \u0219i Hotin, prezent\u00e2ndu-l drept teritoriu turcesc, cucerit de turci, de la unul, \u0218tefan cel Mare, \u00een 1484. Cum francezilor li s-a p\u0103rut suspect\u0103\u00a0aceast\u0103\u00a0Basarabie at\u00e2t de mare, ru\u0219ii si-au cerut scuze reduc\u00e2nd \u201eBasarabia\u201d la teritoriul de 45.630 km2<\/sup>, dintre Prut \u0219i Nistru, Chilia \u0219i Hotin.<\/p>\n
Interesant este c\u0103\u00a0Circulara lui Alexandru I c\u0103tre generalii armatei ruse\u0219ti de ocupa\u021bie din Principatele Rom\u00e2ne dateaz\u0103 din 1807, cu cinci ani \u00eenainte de smulgerea (28 mai 1812) celei de a treia h\u0103lci din trupul \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei. \u0218i mai interesant este faptul c\u0103\u00a0este deosebit de actual\u0103, deoarece recomand\u0103rile se axeaz\u0103 pe cunoa\u0219terea psihologiei colective \u0219i a tarelor elitei politice rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti:<\/p>\n
\u201eAdministr\u00e2nd Basarabia, trebuie cugetat s\u0103\u00a0se a\u0219eze fundamentele unui edificiu mai \u00eentins. Poporul acestei provincii trebuie s\u0103\u00a0primeasc\u0103 binefacerile unei administra\u021bii p\u0103rinte\u0219ti \u0219i liberale, ca astfel s\u0103\u00a0fie atras\u0103, cu dib\u0103cie, aten\u021bia popoarelor limitrofe asupra fericirii ei. Bulgarii, moldovenii, muntenii \u0219i s\u00e2rbii au o patrie ……. s\u0103\u00a0le u\u0219ur\u0103m calea s\u0103\u00a0o afle! Trebuie s\u0103\u00a0exalt\u0103m prin toate mijloacele aceste popula\u021bii spre a le aduce la \u021belul ce ne propunem.<\/p>\n
Pentru a ajunge la \u00eentemeierea unui stat slav, trebuie s\u0103\u00a0le promitem independen\u021ba, b\u0103rba\u021bilor influen\u021bi recompense pecuniare, iar decora\u021bii \u0219i titluri convenabile pentru ceilal\u021bi!\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201eBasarabia\u201d a fost r\u0103pit\u0103 la 28 mai 1812 datorita manevrelor \u0219efului spionajului rus pentru Europa de SE, Manuc Bey, ulterior refugiat \u0219i lichidat, la H\u00e2nce\u0219ti, de mafia bancar financiar\u0103\u00a0european\u0103\u00a0deoarece voia transformarea noii provincii \u00eentr-o Elve\u021bie a Orientului.<\/p>\n
\u201eLibert\u0103\u021bile\u201d au durat doar p\u00e2n\u0103 la 28 februarie 1828, c\u00e2nd tarul Nicolae I a \u00eenfiin\u021bat, prin decret, \u201eInstitutul pentru administrarea Oblastiei Basarabia\u201d prin care autonomia a fost suprimat\u0103, institu\u021biile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti suprimate \u0219i \u00eenlocuite cu cele guberniale, iar limba rom\u00e2na fost interzis\u0103, fiind \u00eenlocuit\u0103 de rus\u0103\u00a0(se putea folosi doar \u201e\u020bn caz de necesitate\u201d).<\/p>\n
Restul teritoriului rom\u00e2nesc extracarpatic urma s\u0103\u00a0fie cucerit, tot pe buc\u0103\u021bi, Moldova dintre Prut \u0219i Siret, apoi cea dintre Siret \u0219i Carpa\u021bi, la fel Muntenia \u0219i Oltenia, conform \u201ePlanului Prozorovski\u201d, elaborat la 15 aprilie 1810, \u00een vigoare \u0219i ast\u0103zi, cele patru urm\u00e2nd s\u0103\u00a0devin\u0103\u00a0gubernii \u00een cadrul unei Federa\u021bii ruso-slave. Ca s\u0103\u00a0extrapolam termenii, aceasta federa\u021bie prevedea urm\u0103toarele \u201eeuroregiuni\u201d:<\/p>\n
Regatul Daciei, cu Muntenia, Moldova p\u00e2n\u0103 la Prut, Transilvania, Oltenia, Bucovina \u0219i Dobrogea cu Delta Dun\u0103rii; Regatul Bulgariei, cu Rumelia \u0219i Macedonia; Un Regat al Ungariei; Un Regat S\u00e2rbo-Croato-Sloven; Un Regat al Greciei cu Thessalonic; Constantinopolul cu Str\u00e2mtorile.<\/p>\n
Proiectul a fost stopat de declan\u0219area Revolu\u021biei de la 1848 \u0219i de ac\u021biunea serviciilor germane \u0219i austriece, apoi austro-ungare care aveau propriile lor obiective pe seama Rusiei. \u00cen plina revolu\u021bie european\u0103\u00a0republican\u0103, serviciile germane \u0219i austriece au lansat, \u00een Gali\u021bia, sloganul \u201eNu sunte\u021bi ru\u0219i, ci ruteni.\u201d, proclam\u00e2nd dreptul la existen\u021b\u0103\u00a0al \u201eRepublicii Rutene\u201d de la Liov la Nipru.<\/p>\n
Voiau sa ia Rusiei 1000.000 de km2<\/sup>, invent\u00e2nd o \u201ena\u021biune cultural\u0103\u201d \u00een care sub numele de \u201erutean\u201d s\u0103\u00a0intre, de-a valma, rom\u00e2ni, fo\u0219ti rom\u00e2ni dezna\u021bionaliza\u021bi prin rusificare (fo\u0219tii \u201epruteni\u201d sau \u201ebrotnici\u201d deveni\u021bi \u201eruteni\u201d), ru\u0219i, polonezi, fo\u0219ti rom\u00e2ni deveni\u021bi polonezi prin dezna\u021bionalizare (gorali), traci slaviza\u021bi (hu\u021banii sau hu\u021bulii), traci sau lituanieni, letoni, estoni, finlandezi, slovaci, t\u0103tari, greci \u0219i go\u021bii, \u00eenc\u0103 subzist\u00e2nd \u00een Crimeea.<\/p>\n
Reac\u021bia romanilor a fost prompt\u0103. A\u0219a cum ast\u0103zi se \u00eempotrivesc trimiterii de c\u0103tre \u201eucraineni\u201d s\u0103\u00a0lupte la Done\u021bk, la 1848 s-au \u00eempotrivit \u201eMi\u0219c\u0103rii rutene\u201d din Gali\u021bia, cer\u00e2nd separarea Bucovinei de aceasta.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1849, Habsburgii au fost salva\u021bi \u00een fata secesiunii nobililor unguri, botezat\u0103\u00a0\u201erevolu\u021bie\u201d, de c\u0103tre rezisten\u021ba armat\u0103\u00a0a rom\u00e2nilor \u0219i interven\u021bia trupelor \u021bariste. Drept mul\u021bumire, din 1850, \u201eMi\u0219carea rutean\u0103\u201d a devenit, nu numai \u0219ovin anti rus\u0103, ci \u0219i \u0219ovin antirom\u00e2neasca. \u00cen fruntea ei a fost pus fostul agent al lui Lajos Kossuth, hu\u021banul Lucian Cobili\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 realizarea dualismului (1867), \u201eMi\u0219carea rutean\u0103\u201d a trecut la preg\u0103tirea secesiunii fa\u021b\u0103\u00a0de Rusia a teritoriilor de la Vest de Caucaz, ideologi fiind evreii polonezi Markim Saskievici, Iacob Holova\u021bki \u0219i Ivan Varghilovici. Conceptul doctrinar era dreptul \u201ena\u021biunii rutene\u201d la un \u201estat Rutenia\u201d de 5 milioane de suflete, \u00eentre Muncaci \u0219i Nipru \u00een care, \u00een ceea ce ne prive\u0219te, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 teritoriile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti deja \u00eenglobate de ru\u0219i sau germani, urmau s\u0103\u00a0intre \u0219i Maramure\u0219ul \u00eentreg, nordul Ardealului \u0219i nordul a tot ceea ce mai r\u0103m\u0103sese din Moldova. Adic\u0103 ceea ce a \u00eencercat s\u0103\u00a0ne r\u0103peasc\u0103, ulterior, Nikita Hru\u0219ciov,\u00a0\u020bntre 1944 \u0219i 1954.<\/p>\n
Prin manipulare sau cump\u0103rare cu promisiuni cu bani, elevii \u0219i studen\u021bii tineri de la Liov au fost organiza\u021bi\u00a0\u020bn Asociatia \u201eProvita\u201d, adic\u0103 \u201eDe\u0219teptarea\u201d, o organiza\u021bie \u201erutean\u0103\u201d cu caracter violent antirus, antirom\u00e2n \u0219i antipolon. Replica rus\u0103\u00a0a venit, prin \u00eenfiin\u021barea, la Kiev, de c\u0103tre Ohrana \u021barist\u0103, a unei asocia\u021bii \u201erutene\u201d, prorus\u0103, \u201eHROMADA\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1869, \u00eemp\u0103ratul Franz Josef a \u00eentemeiat un serviciu special, cu fonduri imense, condus de contele Franz Stadion, s\u0103\u00a0orienteze mi\u0219carea PROVITA \u00een direc\u021bia secesiunii fa\u021b\u0103\u00a0de Rusia, dar \u0219i \u00eempotriva mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de eliberare polon\u0103\u00a0\u0219i rom\u00e2n\u0103. Al\u0103turi de el, \u00een fruntea luptei pentru \u201elimba rutean\u0103\u201d, \u201epoporul rutean\u201d \u0219i \u201eRepublica Rutenia\u201d, s-au aflat, ca adjunc\u021bi, \u201erutenii\u201d Popovici, Br\u00e2nzan si Cucuruz. Ei au editat, la Liov, ziarele de propagand\u0103\u00a0\u201eHolovna Rada Ruska\u201d sau \u201eRada Swietojurka\u201d \u0219i \u201eZorja Halycka\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1894, l-au adus de la Kiev la Liov pe istoricul falsificator, Mihail Hru\u0219evski. Sus\u021binut de Miron Corduba, acesta a solicitat renun\u021barea la termenul de \u201erutean\u201d \u0219i \u00eenlocuirea cu cel de \u201eucrainean\u201d, adic\u0103 \u201ela marginean\u201d. Era o preluare dup\u0103 termenul de \u201eucrainti\u201d, cum le spuneau, \u00een graiul popular, rom\u00e2nii, \u201em\u0103rginenilor\u201d \u00een general si, \u00een mod deosebit, rom\u00e2nilor rusifica\u021bi.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 1894 a\u0219adar, Hru\u0219evski \u0219i ga\u0219ca lui sponsorizat\u0103 de serviciile austro-ungare la care s-au asociat cele germane, au inventat no\u021biunile de popor, na\u021biune \u0219i limba \u201eucrainene\u201d (\u201ela m\u0103rginene\u201d), ba chiar \u0219i o istorie ucrainean\u0103, proiect\u00e2nd-o \u00een trecut. Tot ei au decis ca la viitoarea \u021bar\u0103, \u201eUcraina\u201d, s\u0103 fie ata\u0219ate: Maramure\u0219ul \u00eentreg, de la nord de Vi\u0219eu; tot teritoriul romanesc dintre Mun\u021bii Gut\u00e2i \u0219i Apa Turului, tot Ardealul de Nord, Bucovina \u00eentreag\u0103 \u0219i nordul Basarabiei.<\/p>\n
Oficial, \u00een 1914, la Berlin, \u00een perspectiva r\u0103zboiului, Kaiserul Wilhelm II a \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u0219i sponsorizat \u201eAsocia\u021bia pentru eliberarea Ucrainei\u201d, viz\u00e2nd secesiunea teritoriilor dintre Carpa\u021bii P\u0103duro\u0219i \u0219i Caucaz, fa\u021b\u0103\u00a0de Rusia. Se explica de ce r\u0103zboiul a fost declan\u0219at \u00een Gali\u021bia de c\u0103tre for\u021bele germano-austro-ungare.<\/p>\n
La 27 februarie\/12 martie 1917, s-a declan\u0219at revolu\u021bia \u00een Rusia, \u021barul Nicolae II abdic\u00e2nd la 15 martie. Reac\u021bia germano-austro-ungar\u0103\u00a0a fost prompt\u0103\u00a0\u2013 organizarea, la Kiev, a Radei centrale, \u00een frunte cu Mihail Hru\u0219evski, care proclama autonomia l\u0103rgit\u0103 a \u201eUcrainei\u201d \u00een cadrul Rusiei.<\/p>\n
La 14 septembrie 1917, ru\u0219ii au proclamat Republica. Germanii au reac\u021bionat prin aducerea lui Lenin, agentul lor, din Finlanda la Petrograd \u0219i sponsorizarea Insurec\u021biei Bol\u0219evice (25 octombrie\/7 noiembrie). Lenin le-a acordat dreptul la secesiune, prin \u201eDeclara\u021bia drepturilor popoarelor din Rusia\u201d (2\/15 noiembrie 1917) \u0219i a dat m\u0103n\u0103\u00a0liber\u0103\u00a0Germaniei \u00een teritoriile de Vest ale Imperiului fost \u021barist, prin Pacea de la Brest-Litovsk (20 noiembrie\/3 decembrie).<\/p>\n
Germania a construit, imediat, \u201eUcraina Mare\u201d cu centrul la Kiev ca baz\u0103\u00a0de opera\u021bii, promi\u021b\u00e2ndu-i lui Hru\u0219evski ata\u0219area, ulterioar\u0103, a Transcarpatiei, Bucovinei, Gali\u021biei \u0219i Basarabiei. Reac\u021bia rusa s-a produs prin Stalin, comisar al guvernului, \u00eens\u0103rcinat cu \u201edrepturile popoarelor\u201d, care le-a declarat, imediat, \u201econtrarevolu\u021bionare\u201d, pe toate cele care si-au proclamat independen\u021ba si, la 11\/24 decembrie 1917, la Harkov, a proclamat \u201eRepublica Sovietic\u0103\u00a0Ucraineana\u201d.<\/p>\n
La 31 ianuarie 1918, Congresul General Unit al Sovietelor din Rusia a anulat \u201eDeclara\u021bia drepturilor popoarelor\u201d prin \u201eDeclara\u021bia drepturilor poporului muncitor \u0219i exploatat\u201d, iar recent \u00eenfiin\u021bata Armata Ro\u0219ie a zdrobit for\u021bele lui Hru\u0219evski, la Pskov, Talin \u0219i Narva.<\/p>\n
\u00cen mare grab\u0103, Germania \u0219i Austro-Ungaria au proclamat (9 februarie 1918) constituirea, din Gali\u021bia \u0219i Bucovina, a unui regat autonom \u00een cadrul Austro-Ungariei \u0219i au smuls Kievului promisiunea de furnizare a unui milion de puduri de gr\u00e2u contra sprijin militar.<\/p>\n
Drept urmare, la 18 februarie 1918, trupele germano-austro-ungare au invadat \u201eUcraina\u201d \u0219i au ocupat Kievul, restaur\u00e2nd autoritatea lui Timo\u0219enko….. pardon, a lui Hru\u0219evski. \u00cen sprijinul \u201edemocra\u021biei\u201d de atunci, englezii au organizat, la 3 martie 1918, desantul de la Murmansk, germanii profit\u00e2nd pentru a-l unge pe generalul Skoropadski, hatman al Ucrainei, la 30 aprilie 1918.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Au urmat evenimentele cunoscute care au condus la destr\u0103marea Austro-Ungariei \u0219i capitularea Germaniei \u0219i r\u0103zboiul civil din spa\u021biul rus, proiectat \u00eenc\u0103 din 1912, de masoneria europeana, pentru 1920, drept \u201eTeritoriu de experimentare a ideilor socialiste\u201d. \u00cen r\u0103zboiul civil, rom\u00e2nii, fo\u0219ti cazaci, au luptat, ca de obicei, at\u00e2t de partea ru\u0219ilor care i-au dezna\u021bionalizat prin celebrii Frunz\u0103\/Frunze \u0219i Ceap\u0103\/Ceapaev, c\u00e2t \u0219i de partea \u201ealbilor\u201d, ultimul ataman liber cunoscut \u00een istorie fiind rom\u00e2nul Nestor Mahna, pe care noi l-am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat \u00een istoriile falsificate ca \u201eucraineanul\u201d ….. \u201eMahno\u201d.<\/p>\n
La 29 noiembrie 1918, la Kiev, s-a proclamat RSS Ucrainean\u0103, bol\u0219evicii prelu\u00e2nd, drept extrem de util\u0103, n\u0103scocirea germano-austro-ungar\u0103. Acesteia aveau sa-i ata\u0219eze \u0219i alte teritorii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, dar \u0219i teritorii ruse\u0219ti \u00een partea de r\u0103s\u0103rit, f\u0103c\u00e2nd ca lucrurile s\u0103\u00a0fie aproape imposibil de desc\u00e2lcit ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n
(preluat de la Ironim Fogoro\u0219)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mircea Bezergheanu Preiau un text care con\u021bine Istorie scoas\u0103 din manualele noastre de c\u0103tre cei care ne-au c\u0103l\u0103rit sute<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-div"],"yoast_head":"\n
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